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Speech applications can primarily use methods to perform actions such as retrieving the properties and state of the speech engine and allocating and deallocating resources for a speech engine. In addition, the Engine interface exposes mechanisms to pause and resume the audio stream generated or processed by the speech engine. The AudioManager can manipulate streams. The Engine interface is subclassed by the Synthesizer and Recognizer interfaces, which define additional speech synthesis and speech recognition functionality. The Synthesizer interface encapsulates a Java Speech API-compliant speech synthesis engine's operations for speech applications.

The Java Speech API is based on event handling. Events generated by the speech engine can be identified and handled as required. Speech events can be handled through the EngineListener interface, specifically through the RecognizerListener and the SynthesizerListener.

The Java Speech API was written before the Java Community Process (JCP) and targeted the Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE). Subsequently, the Java Speech API 2 (JSAPI2) was created as JSR 113 under the JCP. This API targets the Java Platform, Micro Edition (Java ME), but also complies with Java SE.

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